{"id":5761,"date":"2026-04-30T10:05:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T08:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eadtrust.eu\/?p=5761"},"modified":"2026-05-18T09:44:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T07:44:40","slug":"who-must-register-eprel-obligations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eadtrust.eu\/en\/blog\/who-must-register-eprel-obligations\/","title":{"rendered":"Who is required to register in EPREL? Manufacturers, importers, and authorized representatives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The obligation to register in EPREL<\/strong> applies to manufacturers, importers of Asian products, authorized representatives of non-EU manufacturers, suppliers, but\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDo I need to register, or does the manufacturer do it?\u201d This is the question most frequently raised by importers and distributors when they encounter EPREL<\/a> for the first time. And the confusion is understandable: the system does not operate according to the logic of \u201cwho sells the product,\u201d but rather \u201cwho places it on the Union market.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A distinction that may appear technical on paper, but which in practice changes everything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
If you already know your obligations, get verified in EPREL now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

If you are still unsure whether EPREL applies to you (or whether it applies to you or your supplier), this article gives you the direct answer, backed by the specific provisions of Regulation (EU) 2017\/1369<\/a>. Including the special case that creates the most uncertainty in Spain: what happens when the manufacturer is based in China and the company selling on the Spanish market is not registered in any commercial register within the European Union?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key concepts for understanding who must register in EPREL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

What is a manufacturer?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A natural or legal person that manufactures a product<\/strong>, or has a product designed or manufactured, and markets that product under its own name or trademark. For the purposes of the EPREL Regulation, the manufacturer is the entity commercializing the product, regardless of where it is physically produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is an authorized representative?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A natural or legal person established within the Union that has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act <\/strong>on its behalf in specific tasks. In EPREL, it becomes the supplier when the manufacturer is not established within the EU and has expressly granted that mandate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is an importer?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A natural or legal person established within the Union that places a product from a third country onto the Union market. The importer assumes the obligations of the supplier in EPREL when no authorized representative<\/strong> has been designated by the manufacturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is a distributor?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A retailer or any natural or legal person offering products for sale, hire, or display to customers in the course of a commercial activity. Distributors do not register models in EPREL<\/strong>, but they have their own obligations relating to the display and communication of the energy label.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is a \u201csupplier\u201d under the EPREL Regulation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before answering who is obligated, it is necessary to understand exactly what the Regulation means by the term used to identify the obligated party. It is not \u201cmanufacturer,\u201d not \u201cimporter,\u201d and not \u201cdistributor.\u201d It is supplier<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article 2(14) of Regulation (EU) 2017\/1369<\/strong> defines a supplier very precisely: a manufacturer established within the Union, the authorized representative of a manufacturer not established within the Union, or an importer placing a product on the Union market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Three possible figures, but only one regulatory role. And the key lies in the order established by the Regulation: it creates a hierarchy. It is not \u201cwhoever wants may act as supplier.\u201d<\/em> It is \u201cwhoever corresponds according to their position within the supply chain and the location where the manufacturer is established.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The EPREL Supplier Manual<\/a>, updated in July 2025, confirms this operational definition: the supplier is the manufacturer established in the Union, the EEA, or Northern Ireland; the authorized representative of a manufacturer not established within those territories; or an importer placing the product on the market. For these purposes, the EEA and Northern Ireland are treated as equivalent markets to the Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The correct question is not \u201cAm I the manufacturer?\u201d<\/strong> The correct question is: \u201cWho, within this chain, is placing the product on the Union market?\u201d That entity is the supplier. And the supplier is the one required to register in EPREL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u2192 If you already know that you are the supplier and need to complete verification with a QSealC\/NTR, see here how to obtain your qualified certificate.<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The three types of supplier: manufacturer, authorized representative, and importer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The manufacturer established in the EU: the most straightforward case<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When the manufacturer has its headquarters or is legally established within the European Union, the situation is simple: the manufacturer is the supplier. It is responsible for registering its models in EPREL before placing the first unit on the market, supplying printed labels<\/a> with each unit, and maintaining the technical documentation within the compliance section of the system for fifteen years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This also includes cases where production physically takes place outside the EU but the legal entity is registered in a Member State. What determines who qualifies as the manufacturer for regulatory purposes is where the entity commercializing the product under its own name or brand is established \u2014 not where the production lines are located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article 2(10) of the Regulation defines a manufacturer<\/em> as the natural or legal person that manufactures a product, or has a product designed or manufactured, and markets that product under its own name or trademark. A Spanish company that commissions its appliances from a supplier in Vietnam and commercializes them under its own brand in Europe is, for all regulatory purposes, the manufacturer established within the Union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The authorized representative: the solution for non-EU manufacturers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When the manufacturer is not established within the European Union, the Regulation does not allow it to register directly in EPREL. The system requires an operator established within the Union to assume the supplier obligations. The figure specifically designed for this is the authorized representative.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article 2(11) of the Regulation defines the authorized representative as a natural or legal person established within the Union that has received a written mandate from a manufacturer to act on its behalf in specific tasks. The written mandate is a mandatory formal requirement: without it, the authorized representative does not legally exist. And that mandate must expressly include the models or trademarks covered by it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024\/994<\/a> specifies how the authorized representative must verify itself in EPREL<\/strong>: in addition to its own qualified seal with NTR<\/a>, it must provide the written mandate digitally signed by the non-EU manufacturer (or by its legal representatives), listing all trademarks covered by the mandate. It is not enough to claim to act \u201con behalf of\u201d someone. That authority must be demonstrated documentally through the electronic verification system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The importer: the default supplier when no one else exists<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When a manufacturer is not established within the Union and has not appointed an authorized representative, the supplier obligation automatically falls upon the importer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article 2(12) defines the importer as the natural or legal person established within the Union that places a product from a third country onto the Union market. The importer does not merely have the option of assuming the supplier role \u2014 in the absence of an authorized representative, it necessarily becomes the supplier. Registering the model in EPREL<\/a>, supplying the label, retaining technical documentation for fifteen years: all these obligations transfer to the importer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This affects many medium-sized Spanish companies purchasing products from Asia or Latin America and commercializing them in Europe without the manufacturer having any presence within the Union. For those companies, EPREL registration<\/a> \u2014 including verification using a qualified seal \u2014 is not something that can be delegated to the manufacturer. It is their own responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The case generating the most questions: Chinese manufacturer, sales in Spain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This is the most common scenario in the trade of appliances, displays, and technology products: a factory in China, a product entering Spain through an importing company, and the inevitable question of whose name appears in EPREL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The answer depends on a single factor: has the Chinese manufacturer appointed an authorized representative established within the European Union through a written mandate?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If yes: <\/strong>The authorized representative is the supplier. It must be verified in EPREL using its own qualified seal containing the NTR of its EU company, together with the mandate from the Chinese manufacturer. The Spanish importer does not need to register anything in EPREL, although it still has its own obligations as a distributor if it commercializes the product on the Spanish market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If no:<\/strong> The Spanish importer is the supplier. It must register the model in EPREL, verify itself using a qualified seal with NTR<\/em> (issued by a QTSP included in the EU Trusted List<\/a>), supply labels and Product Information Sheets, and retain the technical documentation for fifteen years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Special case<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Chinese manufacturer sells directly to Spanish consumers through its own website. <\/strong>The European Commission\u2019s Blue Guide<\/a> is explicit on this point: when a company not established within the EU sells directly to European consumers without an importer acting as economic operator, and without an authorized representative, that company is assuming a role not contemplated by the European regulatory framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In practice, market surveillance authorities may act against the de facto<\/em> importer (the entity releasing the product for free circulation through customs), or against the seller itself if it has sufficient digital presence. This is currently the most active risk area in cross-border trade involving energy-labelled products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The hierarchy of responsibility functions like a cascade.<\/strong> First: is there a manufacturer established within the EU? Then it is the supplier. If not, is there an authorized representative with a written mandate? Then it is the supplier. If neither exists, the importer becomes the supplier. If none of the three exists, the product cannot be lawfully commercialized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And what about the distributor? Its obligations are different, but they exist<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The distributor is the figure that generates the most confusion because, indeed, distributors do not register models in EPREL<\/a> and are not considered suppliers under the Regulation. A retailer, an e-commerce platform, or an intermediary commercializing the product without having introduced it onto the market: none of them is required to create a supplier account in EPREL<\/a> or verify themselves with a qualified seal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But this does not mean distributors can ignore the system. Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2017\/1369 establishes their obligations precisely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, they must visibly display the labels supplied by the supplier, including in online distance sales. Second, they must make the Product Information Sheet available to customers, including in physical format if requested at the point of sale. Third, when they do not possess the label, they must actively request it from the supplier \u2014 responsibility does not disappear simply because the supplier failed to provide it. And fourth, in visual advertising and technical promotional material, they must indicate the model\u2019s energy efficiency class and the range of classes available on the label.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024\/994 adds a specific obligation for online sales: distributors must ensure that the QR code is visible and legible when displaying the model for sale, so that consumers can access the information in EPREL. If the supplier is not verified and its models do not appear in EPREL public searches<\/strong>, the QR code will not function correctly. What begins as a supplier problem becomes a distributor compliance failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who does what in EPREL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Obligation<\/th>EU manufacturer<\/th>Authorized representative (non-EU manufacturer)<\/th>Importer (without authorized representative)<\/th>Distributor<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Register models in EPREL before the first sale<\/a><\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>No<\/td><\/tr>
Verify in EPREL with QSealC\/NTR<\/a><\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes + written mandate from the manufacturer<\/td>Yes<\/td>No<\/td><\/tr>
Supply printed label with each unit<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>No (displays it)<\/td><\/tr>
Supply Product Information Sheet<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Upon request<\/td><\/tr>
Provide label and Product Information Sheet electronically to the distributor<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>No<\/td><\/tr>
Display the label visibly at the point of sale<\/td>No (distributor obligation)<\/td>No<\/td>No<\/td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>
Ensure QR code is visible in online sales<\/td>Not directly<\/td>Not directly<\/td>Not directly<\/td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>
Indicate energy efficiency class in advertising and technical material<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>
Retain technical documentation for 15 years<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>No<\/td><\/tr>
Mandatory establishment within the EU<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Yes<\/td>Not necessarily<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Electronic verification: the requirement that makes it real<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Knowing that you are the supplier is the first step. But since 22 October 2024<\/strong>, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024\/994<\/em> has established that only verified suppliers may register models in EPREL or modify existing ones. Verification is not an optional administrative formality: it is the technical requirement without which the system will not allow you to operate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For legal entities, verification is carried out through a qualified electronic seal (QSealC)<\/strong> that includes the supplier\u2019s commercial register number (NTR)<\/a> in a Member State, issued by a Qualified Trust Service Provider (QTSP) included in the EU Trusted List. Since 22 April 2025<\/strong>, this has been the only valid identifier for new verifications and renewals: VAT, LEI, and other previously accepted identifiers are no longer valid for starting or renewing the process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
I need a qualified electronic seal (QSealC) to verify myself in EPREL!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

For natural persons acting as suppliers <\/a>(a less common, but possible case), the system accepts qualified electronic signatures, but it also requires proof of establishment within the Union through registration in a commercial register or a professional association register.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For authorized representatives of manufacturers not established within the EU, verification requires an additional step: besides their own qualified seal, they must provide the manufacturer\u2019s written mandate (digitally signed by the manufacturer or its legal representatives), explicitly listing the trademarks covered by the mandate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A supplier that does not complete verification automatically becomes \u201cunverified,\u201d with immediate consequences: its models stop appearing in EPREL public searches, the information is no longer exported through APIs, and when someone scans the QR code of one of its products, the system displays a notice indicating that the model has been registered by an unverified supplier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Can the same operator play several roles at the same time?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yes \u2014 and this is more common than it may seem. A company may simultaneously act as a manufacturer for products marketed under its own brand, as an importer for products brought in from third countries under its own responsibility, and as an authorized representative for foreign manufacturers that have granted it a written mandate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The EPREL Supplier Manual<\/strong> expressly states this: when an organization is created within the system, the specific role (manufacturer, importer, or authorized representative) is declared at the level of each registered model, not at the level of the organization as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does not change is the verification requirement: regardless of the role declared for each model, the organization must be verified with a qualified NTR seal in order to operate within the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about who is required to register in EPREL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
I import products from a Chinese manufacturer. Do I need to register in EPREL?<\/strong><\/strong>

Yes, if the Chinese manufacturer has not appointed an authorized representative established within the Union through a written mandate. In that case, you are the supplier for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2017\/1369 and you are required to register the models in EPREL and verify yourself with a qualified seal containing the NTR before commercializing them.<\/p> <\/div>

Can the Chinese manufacturer register directly in EPREL without having a representative in the EU?<\/strong><\/strong>

No. Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024\/994 requires suppliers to be established within the Union and to provide proof of that establishment as part of the electronic verification process. A manufacturer not established within the EU cannot verify itself or register models directly.<\/p> <\/div>

What is the practical difference between being an authorized representative and being an importer?<\/strong><\/strong>

In terms of EPREL obligations, the result is almost identical: both register models, verify themselves with a qualified seal, and retain technical documentation. The difference lies in the source of authority: the authorized representative acts on behalf of the manufacturer through a written mandate; the importer acts under its own responsibility because no such mandate exists. The authorized representative must prove the mandate during the EPREL verification process; the importer does not.<\/p> <\/div>

If I distribute products from several European manufacturers, do I have any obligations in EPREL?<\/strong><\/strong>

Not as a supplier. The European manufacturers are the suppliers for their own models and manage their own EPREL registrations. Your obligation as a distributor is to display the labels, provide Product Information Sheets, and ensure that the QR code is visible in online sales.<\/p> <\/div>

Can I act as an importer for some models and as an authorized representative for others?<\/strong><\/strong>

Yes. In EPREL, the role is declared at the level of each specific model, not at the organization level. The same company may operate under different roles for different models, provided that it is properly verified.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n

Do you have doubts about whether you are responsible for registering in EPREL, or do you already know you are but have not yet completed verification?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The chain of responsibility in EPREL leaves no room for ambiguity once the criteria are understood: either you are the supplier or you are not. And if you are, verification with a qualified seal containing the NTR<\/em> is the step that makes your role real and operational within the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At EADTrust, we issue qualified electronic seals for suppliers of all sizes operating in EPREL: Spanish manufacturers, importers of Asian products, and authorized representatives of non-EU manufacturers. The process is straightforward, and the certificate fully complies with the requirements of Implementing Regulation 2024\/994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contact us, and we will confirm which role applies to you and guide you through the EPREL verification process with NTR.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The obligation to register in EPREL applies to manufacturers, importers of Asian products, authorized representatives of non-EU manufacturers, suppliers, but\u2026 \u201cDo I need to register, or does the manufacturer do it?\u201d This is the question most frequently raised by importers and distributors when they encounter EPREL for the first time. And the confusion is understandable: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":5804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,68,67],"tags":[74],"class_list":["post-5761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-certificates","category-entity-stamp","category-eprel-en","tag-eprel-en"],"yoast_head":"\n\u25b7 Who must register in EPREL? Read this - EADTrust<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Are you affected by EPREL? Who must register in EPREL? 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